William hochhausen



(No ModeL) W. HOGHHAUSEN.

OOMMUTATOR FOR DYNAMG ELECTRIC MAGHINES No. 261,712. Patented July 25,1882.

Fig.3

ATT EST:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

YVILLIAM HOOHHAUSEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

COMMUTATOR FOR D YNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION'formmg part of Letters Patent No. 261,712, dated July 25,1882.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WM.Hoon1-IAUsEN,a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in (Jommutators forDynamo-Electric Machines and Electric Motors, of which the following isa specification.

ln commutators as ordinarily constructed it frequently happens that across-connection is formed between adjoiningplatesthereof, either fromthe presence of minute particles of conducting material in thenon-conducting substance used for separating the plates or from theformation upon the surface of the non-conductor of a metallic filmcaused by wear of the commutator-brushes, or from the lodgment ofparticles of conducting material in the angles of the commutator. Italso sometimes happens in those constructions of commutator in which thecom mutator-plates are held between two disks of hard rubber backed bydisks of metal that a cross-connection is formed in the metallic disk atthe points where the wires from the armature pass through it.

The object of my invention is to make a commutator that shall be freefrom the above difficulties, readily kept clean, and of simple, strong,and durable construction.

The object of my invention is also to do away with the backing of metalheretofore employed with those comniutators in which disks of hardrubber or equivalent materials are used for holding thecommutatonplates, which disk has heretofore been found necessary byreason of the tendency of the rubber to soften and warp or becomedisplaced under the efi'ects of heat.

To these ends 1 construct the commutator of a series of plates soconstructed that theirouter surface forms a cylindrical surface for thebrushes, separated from one another and from the shaft of the machine byfree air-spaces, and separately and directly attached to a disk of stonesuitably connected to the shaft of the ma-- culiar devices forconnecting the wires leading from the armature to the separate plates.

The nature of my invention will be readily understood from theaccompanying drawings and description, and the features constituting theinvention will be specified in the claims.

Figure 1 is an end view of the commutator. Fig. 2 is a longitudinalcentral section of the same on'the line of the armature-shaft.

A represents the armature-shaft, and B one of the spider frames or armsto which the armature is secured. The arm B-fourof which are heresupposed to be employed-is shown as provided with a rectangularprojection suitably recessed, into which projection passes a screw bywhich the disk 0 is held in place. The points at which theholding-screws pass through the disk 0 are indicated at g, Fig. 1. Thedisk is of stone. 1 have found slate-stone to answer exceedingly well,but other kinds may be employed, and directly to its face are securedthe separate commutator-plates D. Each plate D is separated entirelyfrom its neighbors and from the shaft of the machine, so that noopportunity is given for the lodgment of material that would tend toform a orossconnection. The platesD are here shown as angle-pieces,preferably castin a single piece, and consisting of a longitudinalportion, D, curved upon the arc of the circle which is the outline ofthe commutator-cylinder, so as to form an even bearing-surface for thecommutator-brushes, and of a rectangular portion,cl, which is seatedagainst the face of the disk 0 and forms a good bearin g, and whoseouter end constitutes a clamping-seat for the conductors from thearmature. ductors is represented at 5, while f is a plate between whichand the end of the portion d the wires are clamped by meansofscrews, asshown. Theinner ends of the angular portions d to the point it aresomewhat narrower than the 1ongitudinal portion D, as indicated. Thisfacilitates brushing away any dirt that may have lodged on the disk 0between the plates. The operation of brushing or cleaning the commutatoris also facilitated by reason of the fact that the plates are free atthe outer end of the commutator. The separate plates are preferablysecured to the face of the disk by screws One of the armature conpassingfrom the rear through holes drilled in the body of said disk. Holes aredrilled at a a, &c., for the passage of the conductors leading from thearmature.

' 5 My invention admits of many modifications in the devices employedfor securing the com mutator-plates to the stone disk, and many willreadily occur to those skilled in the art. As the method of so attachingthe plates may to be varied in many wayswithoutdepartingt'rom the spiritof the invention, I do not deem it necessary to describe any others. Thestone disk may also be connected to the armature frame or to therevolving armature-shaft in 1 other Ways. As the disk 0 is of stone, itcan be attached directly to the metallic frame to which the armature isbolted or to any other metallic'porlion of the machine.

It is obvious that the plates maybe attached to the disk from the frontin such a way that either plate can be removedwithout disturb.- ing theothers or removing the plate 0.

Although the plates I) are supported at one end only, so that the plate0 is subjected to considerable strain, they are nevertheless heldimmovably and permanently in place, owing to the rigid nature of thematerial and its insensibility-to cfi'ectsof heat communicated to itfrom any heat-ed portion of the machine. This would not be thecaseifhard. rubber or such like material ordinarily employed were used, as Ihave found by actualexperiment that the heat of the machine andthe-strain ot' the commutator-platesare sufficient to cause the centerof a disk of this material to bulge and cause the plates to bedisplaced. It would of course be possible to support the plates D atboth ends; but for the sake of simplicity, cheapness, and facility ofcleaningI prefer to attach them at' one end only.

What I claim as my invention isl. A commutator fora dynamo-electricmachine or electric motor, constructed of a supporting plate or disk ofstone, to the face of which are directly secured the commutator 5 platesor segments.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a commutator for a dynamo-electricmachine or electric motor, constructed substantially in the mannerdescribed, of a disk of stone, E, and commutator-plates D d, the angularportions.

d of which rest against the face of the disk with an extendedbearing-surface and are secured directly thereto.

3. The combination of the spider-arms, the insulating-disk of stonesecured directly to said spider-arms, and the commutator-plates attacheddirectly to the face of the disk.

4, The combination, substantially as shown and described, of thecommutator angle-plates D d, the clamping-seats formed upon the upperend or" the portions d, clamping-plates f, a disk of -stone supportingthe commutatorplates, and'conductors from the armature passing throughperforations in the disk 0.

5. The combination, substantially as described,-ot'a supporting-disk ofstone, the angle-plate D (Least inone piece, the conductor- Wire fromthe armature resting upon the end of said plate, and clamping-plate f.

6. The combination, substantially as described, with a'supporting-diskof stone, of commutntor-plates, each consisting of a longitudinalportion forming a bearing for the commutator-brush, and aportion-extending at right; angles from the first-namedportion, with anextended'fla-ttcned bearingsurface, as-shown, and seated against thesupporting-disk, and means, as described, for holding the latter portionagainst the disk.

WILLIAM HOOHHAUSEN.

Witnesses:

H. O. TOWNSEND,

THOS. TOOMEY.

